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Apr 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2313.jeh-20-3270
Plants have played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life. Therefore, this present study seeks to evaluate the role of its alkaloid fraction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis after dichlorvos poisoning in mice. A total of 25 male mice, weighing approximately 20-30 g, were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 5 mice each (Groups A, B, C, D and E). Mice in groups A served as control and received normal saline while groups B, C and E. received 5 mg/kg of dichlorvos daily for 14 days. Mice in group D received 200mg/ kg of Alkaloid extract of Mimosa pudica (AEMM) for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and Hypothalamus, Pituittary and Testes were excised for histological process. Sperm from cauda epididymidal duct on one side was collected and used for spermatological studies and data were expressed as mean± SEM. Significant difference was set at p<0.05. Results showed significance difference (p<0.05) in sperm motility, sperm life death ratio groups when compared with their controls and no significance difference in sperm volume when compared with control. Histological studies reveal distortion in hypothalamuss, pituitary and testes in dichlorvos administration group compared with control rats while mimosa showed a ameliorative effect when co-administered with dichlorvos. In conclusion, the alkaloids from Mimosa (AEM) leaves enhanced the released of gonadotropins by the cordial action of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis for the reversed of Dichlorvos effect.
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4372.jesr-17-1611
Neural stem cell activity at least partially accounts for the postweaning development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) and estrogen selectively mobilizes neural stem cells in the 3rd ventricle stem cell niche (3VSCN). Here, we examined the expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the SDN-POA and the 3VSCN. A subset of cells within the SDN-POA--delineated with or without calbindin D28K (CB28)-immunoreactivity (ir)--exhibited ERβ-ir. The ependymal cells that expressed nestin within the 3VSCN also expressed ERβ. Interestingly, a few proliferating (Ki67 positive) cells within the 3VSCN and the hypothalamic parenchyma, including the SDN-POA, displayed ERβ-ir. In parallel, a subset of cells in the subventricular zone was double-labeled with nestin and ERβ or Ki67 and ERβ while the subgranular zone exhibited few such double-labeled cells. ERβ is expressed in hypothalamic stem cells that may regulate cell regenerative cycles.
Jun 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2572-5424.jgm-14-604
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that features a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a chronic positive energetic unbalance. Neonatal administration of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) causes lesion on the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus that led to development of obesity in the adult life in rodents characterized by a notorious accumulation of catecholamine in the adrenal medulla. The amino acid glycine induces catecholamine secretion of adrenal medulla. Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the possible effects of glycine administration in the MSG-obesity model in rats and investigate its impact on adrenal catecholamine medulla homeostasis. Male Wistar rats received MSG solution (4mg/g body weight) subcutaneously in the cervical area for 5 days after delivery, controls received saline solution. Animals were also divided in two groups, in which one received tap water added with glycine (0.1g/Kg) after weaning on 21st day until 90 days of life.Biometrical variables, visceral fat pads weight, total content and basal secretion of adrenal cathecolamine were evaluated. Glycine increased Lee index of all tested groups and had no effect on visceral adiposity. However, glycine treatment completely reestablished catecholamine total content and basal secretion of MSG-obese group. In conclusion, although glycine treatment apparently completely reestablishes catecholamine secretion homeostasis it is not sufficient to significant directly reduce visceral adiposity in MSG obesity model in rats.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-6655.jcap-19-2737
Background Mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) are likely to transmit their own experiences to the next generation. This is highly influenced by the quality of maternal behavior that enables to buffer infant’s hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress. From a transgenerational perspective the research question is, if infant’s cortisol stress response is influenced by maternal CM experiences or rather by the behavioral pathways during the first year of life. Methods 53 mother-child-dyads were measured at 12 months of infant’s age in a laboratory visit assessing the maternal quality of interactive behavior using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) measured during the strange situation procedure (SSP). Maltreatment experiences were assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). Salivary cortisol of mother and infant were collected prior to and directly, 15 and 30 minutes after the SSP. Results Infants of disruptive mothers showed a significant increase in cortisol (F (3; 147) = 2.897, p= 0.048) after the SSP compared to infants of mothers with sensitive caregiving. Maternal CM did not influence the infant’s cortisol stress response due to the SSP. However maternal cortisol response was altered by trend due to CM (F (1.392; 71.008) = 3.157, p= 0.066). Conclusions Our data indicate that infant’s cortisol stress reactivity is influenced by the quality of maternal behavior and not by the transgenerational transmission of maternal CM experiences per se. These findings implicate that helping mothers to improve their caregiving behavior may help to improve stress-reactivity of their infant.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-9181.ijnr-19-2771
In literature, it has been reported that adrenomedullin, which is generally thought to have vasodilator, natriuretic and diuretic effects, is synthesized in almost all body, especially CNS, vascular muscles and endothelium, heart, liver, lung, kidney, gastric mocosa, intestinal endothelium and various blood cells. It has been found that the possible effects of adrenomedullin can be demonstrated directly or indirectly by means of active mediators, neuropeptides, enzymes and hormones. It is also suggested that it regulates the endocrine system by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It increases in heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, hypertensive conditions, cerebrovascular accessory, chronic renal failure and periodontitis and decreases in peptic ulcer and intestinal diseases. However, it is still not clear whether increase/decrease in adrenomedullin level is a cause of a disease or is a result of damage due to an illness. This peptide, which could be thought to multifunctional, should be considered as a molecule with genetic coding that may have different effects on different tissues and conditions. For all these reasons, we aimed to review the multifonctional behavior of adrenemedullin in the light of the current literature to pioneer new hypotheses and discuss possible mechanisms.
Mar 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-19-2655
Reverse Shapiro’s syndrome is described as unexplained hyperthermia coexisting with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Its pathophysiology dwells on the role of dopaminergic hypersensitivity caused by hypothalamic dysfunction. Until now, only 5 cases have been described in the literature as reverse Shapiro’s syndrome. We present a case of a 6-month-old girl who is now the sixth patient described in the literature. A 6-month-old female patient was admitted to the pediatrics unit for fever of unknown origin. Her fever occurred 2-3 times a day on average between 38°C and 39.5°C, and lasted for 1-2 hours. The fever was not diurnal, and antipyretics or staying in an air-conditioned room had no effect. She also had 2 convulsions during her hospital stay. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested owing to the patient’s convulsion history and retarded development. The cranial MRI showed diffuse hypoplasia of the corpus callosum in the midline sagittal T2-weighted image. T1-weighted imaging showed hypointensity due to delayed myelination of the genu of the corpus callosum (Figure 2, white arrow), which should normally appear hyperintense like the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Although dopamine agonists and serotonin agonists are recommended for the treatment, the rate of response to medical treatment is very low. Our patient did not benefit from cyproheptadine and methyl prednisolone.